Workmen’s Compensation Act – Some Reflections
Author(s): Binod Kumar Patro, Chittaranjan Behera, Ramesh K. SharmaVol. 1, No. 1 (2007-07 - 2007-12)
Print-ISSN: 0973-9122; Electronic-ISSN: 0972 9130;
(1)Binod Kumar Patro, (2)Chittaranjan Behera, (3)Ramesh K. Sharma
(1)Public Health Specialist, Community Medicine, (2)Pool Officer, Forensic Medicine, (3) AdditionalProfessor, Forensic Medicine, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
(Video) National CME on Practical Aspects of Research and PublicationABSTRACT:
The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 providesfor payment of compensation to workmenand their dependants in case of injury and accident(including certain occupational disease) arisingout of and in the course of employment andresulting in disablement or death. The act whichis in place from 1923 is the oldest of its kind. Weare putting some of the salient features of actwhich are of interest to medical personnel for effectiveimplementation.
KEY WORDS: Workmen’s Compensation; Social Security and India
See AlsoNebraska LegislatureThe Workmen's Compensation Act ,1923All About Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 - Getlegal IndiaAll you need to know about Workmen Compensation Act - BetterPlaceINTRODUCTION:
A developed India, by 2020 or even earlier is nota dream. It need not even be a mere aspiration inthe minds of many Indians. It is a mission we canall take up-and accomplish. Ignited young minds,we feel, are a powerful resource. This resource ismightier than any resource on the earth, in thesky and under the sea1. We must all work togetherto transform our ‘developing India’ into a ‘developedIndia’, and the revolution required for thiseffort must start in our minds.
The whole concept of transformation of developingIndia to developed India is based on capitalizingon huge human resource of India. Theframework for vision 2020 can be seen as; Humanresources – Massive workforce – Industrialgrowth – Economic growth – Developed India.
(Video) Forensic Medicine | Part I | Dr. RohithAccording to Census of India 20012 report thework participation rate (percentage of workers tototal population) is 39.1% with total number ofworkers being 402,234,724. Males outnumber female in the working population. There are127,220,248 numbers of female workers in comparisonto 257,014,476 male workers. Within thisworkforce there are 89,229,741 marginal workers(who had worked for less than 6 months in thepreceding year are termed as marginal workers),rest 313,004,983 are main workers (who hadworked for more than 6 months in the precedingyear are termed as main workers).
Workers are exposed to certain degree of injuries,physical illness and mental conditions togethertermed as occupational diseases. The profile ofoccupational diseases also has changed over theperiod of time as a result of modernization, marketliberalization and globalization which now encompassesminor allergy and injuries, systemic infectionsand diseases to life threatening leukemiaand cancers3. For industrial growth in turn economicgrowth health of the workers is utmostimportant. Best practices of Occupational healthand safety can yield better and safe working environment.
However, apart from medical measuresengineering measures and legislative measure areimportant in promoting health at workplace.Simple engineering measure like design of thebuilding, good housekeeping, general ventilation,mechanization, protective devices add value tothe working environment. Society has an obligationto protect the health of the worker engagedin diverse conditions. Republic of India is committedtowards health of the workers by havingsuitable statutory or legislative measures. To protectworkers health and provide social securityseveral legislative measure are in place. The mostnotable among them are4, The Workmen’s CompensationAct, 1923; The Factories Act, 1948; TheEmployees State Insurance (ESI) Act, 1948;TheMinimum Wages Act, 1948; the mines Act, 1952;The Contract Labour (Abolition & Regulation)Act, 1970; The Dangerous (Regulation) Act, 1983;etc. The oldest legislative measure in place is “TheWorkmen’s Compensation Act, 1923”. Lowawareness among the client and refusal by managementis responsible its under-utilization5,6.
The salient points about The Workmen’s CompensationAct are as follows;
See AlsoAn overview on Workmen compensation Act 1923Salient Features of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 - Indian Law PortalAn Overview of Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923 | Qian(Video) Forensic medicine and toxicology Textbook Anil Agarwal science Syllabus Topics What chapters readWORKMEN’S COMPENSATION ACT, 19237;
The Workmen’s Compensation Act is the onlylegislative measure providing social security toworkers from pre-independence days (1923). Thislegislative measure was enacted in 5th March 1923and came in to effect in whole of India on Firstday of July 1924. The act got amended twice sincethen, 1984 and 2000. The present version in placeis The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923(Amended in 2000). The act is spelt out in fourchapters and supplemented with four schedules.Low
BENEFICIARIES:
“Workman” means any person (other than a personwhose employment is of a casual nature andwho is employed otherwise than for the purposesof the employer’s trade or business). The Act appliesto railway servants and persons employedin any such capacity as is specified in Schedule IIof the Act. The schedule II includes persons employedin factories, mines, plantations, mechanicallypropelled vehicles, construction works andcertain other hazardous occupations.“Total disablement” means such disablement,whether of a temporary or permanent nature,as incapacitates a workman for all work whichhe was capable of performing at the time ofthe accident resulting in such disablement.“Partial disablement” means, where the disablementis of a temporary nature, such disablementas reduces the earning capacity of a workmanin any employment in which he was engagedat the time of the accident resulting in the disablement,and, where the disablement is of apermanent nature, such disablement as reduceshis earning capacity in every employmentwhich he was capable of undertaking at thattime.
Compensation is provided to the employer as perthe act, however in case of death the dependantsare eligible for the same; who are defined as
- A widow, a minor legitimate son, andunmarried legitimate daughter, or a widowedmother; and
- if wholly dependent on the earnings of theworkman at the time of his death, a son or adaughter who has attained the age of 18 yearsand who is infirm;
- If wholly or in part dependent on theearnings of the workman at the time of hisdeath,
- A widower.
- A parent other than a widowed mother,
- A minor illegitimate son, an unmarriedillegitimate daughter or a daughterlegitimate or illegitimate if married andlegitimate or illegitimate if married and aminor or if widowed and a minor,
- A minor brother or a unmarried sister ora widowed sister if a minor,
- A widowed daughter-in-law,
- A minor child of a pre-deceased son,
- A minor child of a pre-deceased daughterwhere no parent of the child is alive,or
- A paternal grandparent if no parent ofthe workman is alive
WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION:
Employer shall be liable to pay compensation, ifpersonal injury is caused to a workman by accidentarising out of and in the course of his employment.However the employer is not responsiblefor in the following conditions;
(Video) Top Medical Journals | OA Medical Journals | Fast Publication | STM Journals | Knowledge1) In respect of any injury which does not resultin the total or partial disablement of theworkman for a period exceeding 3 days;
2) In respect of any injury, not resulting in death,caused by an accident which is directlyattributable to:
- The workman having been at the timethereof under the influence of drink ordrugs, or
- The willful disobedience of the workmanto an order expressly given, or to a ruleexpressly framed, for the purpose of securingthe safety of workmen, or
- The willful removal or disregard by theworkman of any safety guard or otherdevice which he knew to have been provided for the purpose of securing thesafety of workmen.
- Contract of an occupational disease in anyemployment wherein the total duration ofemployment is less than 6 months.
AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION:
Amount of compensation is spelt out in the act asper the nature of injury and a multiplication factor.
- In case of death: An amount equal to Fortypercent (40%) of the monthly wage of thedeceased workman, multiplied by therelevant factor or Rs. 20,000 whichever ismore.
- In case of total permanent disablement: Anamount equal to fifty percent (50%) of themonthly wage, multiplied by the relevantfactor or Rs. 24,000 whichever is higher.
- In case of partial permanent disablement: thecompensation is a percentage of that payablein case of total permanent disablement. Theearning capacity is determined by a registeredmedical practitioner.
- In case of temporary (total or partial)disablement; A sum equivalent to twenty-fivepercent (25%) of the monthly wage paid halfmonthly for the period of disablement or 5years, whichever is shorter.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK:
The state government appoints Commissionersvested with the powers of a civil court to investigateand to solve every case of workmen’s compensation.
(Video) Asian Journal of Forensic Science ‑In case of any delay in payment ofworkmen’s compensation for a period of onemonth after the due date, a simple interest at therate of 6% per annum can be recovered from theemployer. Any appeal against the orders of theappointed Commissioner can be made in the respectiveHigh Court within 60 days.
CONCLUSION:
Safety and preventive measures must be givenutmost priority at work place. Skilled medicalpersonnel trained in occupational health andsafety should be in place to cater to the day today health needs and minor injuries arising atwork place. Workmen’s compensation act is oneamongst many social security measures which arein place. Awareness among the client and medicalpersonnel is crucial for its effectiveimplementation.(Endnotes)
REFERENCES
- Kalam APJ Abdul, Rajan Y.S, India 2020 A Vision of the NewMillennium; Penguin Books, 2003, India,
- Population Profiles; Census of India; Office of the RegistrarGeneral, 2 A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi 2004.
- Jaiswal A, Patro BK, Pandav CS. Occupational health andsafety: Role of academic institutions. Indian J Occup EnvironMed 2006;10:97-101
- J Kishore, National Health Programmes of India;2005; CenturyPublications; New Delhi
- V Murlidhar and Vijay Kanhere; Asbestosis in an asbestoscomposite mill at Mumbai: A prevalence study; EnvironHealth. 2005; 4: 24
- Murlidhar V, Kanhere V; Occupational noise-induced hearingloss: the first two cases compensated in India. Natl Med J India.1998 May-Jun; 11 (3):150.
- Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923, Accessed fromwww.indiacode.nic.in
Table 1: Schedule 1 of the act depicting permanent total and partial disablement:
Sl No Description of Injury % of loss of earning capacity Part I: LIST OF INJURIES DEEMED TO RESULT IN PERMANENT TOTAL DISABLEMENT 1 Loss of both hands or amputation at higher sites 100 2 Loss of a hand and a foot 100 3 Double amputation through leg or thigh, or amputation through leg or
thigh on one side and loss of other foot 100 4 Loss of sight to such an extent as to render the claimant unable to perform
any work for which eye sight is essential 100 5 Very severe facial disfigurement 100 6 Absolute deafness 100 Part II: LIST OF INJURIES DEEMED TO RESULT IN PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABLEMENT Amputation cases-upper limbs (either arm) 1 Amputation through shoulder joint 90 2 Amputation below shoulder with stump less than 8” from tip of acromion 80 3 Amputation from 8” from tip of acromion to less than 4.5” below tip
of olecranon 70 4 Loss of a hand or of the thumb and four fingers of one hand or
amputation from 4.5” below tip of olecranon 60 5 Loss of thumb 30 6 Loss of thumb and its metacarpal bone 40 7 Loss of four fingers of one hand 50 8 Loss of three fingers of one hand 30 9 Loss of two fingers of one hand 20 10 Loss of terminal phalanx of thumb 20 Amputation cases-lower limbs 11 Amputation of both feet resulting in end-bearing stumps 90 12 Amputation through both feet proximal to the metatarso-phalangeal joint 80 13 Loss of all toes of both feet through the metatarso-phalangeal joint 40 14 Loss of all toes of both feet proximal to the proximal inter-phalangeal joint 30 15 Loss of all toes of both feet distal to the proximal inter-phalangeal joint 20 16 Amputation at hip 90 17 Amputation below hip with stump not exceeding 5” in length measured from
tip of great trenchanter 80 18 Amputation below hip with stump exceeding 5” in length measured from tip
of great trenchanter but not beyond middle thigh 70 19 Amputation below middle thigh to 3.5” below knee 60 20 Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 3.5” but not exceeding 5” 50 21 Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 5” 40 22 Amputation of one foot resulting in end-bearing 30 23 Amputation through one foot proximal to the metatarso-phalangeal joint 30 24 Loss of all toes of one foot through the metatarso-phalangeal joint 20 Other injuries 25 Loss of one eye, without complications, the other being normal 40 26 Loss of vision of one eye, without complications or disfigurement of
eye-ball, the other being normal 30 Fingers of right or left hand – Index Finger 27 Whole 14 28 Two phalanges 11 29 One phalanx 09 30 Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 05 Fingers of right or left hand – Middle Finger 31 Whole 12 32 Two phalanges 09 33 One phalanx 07 34 Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 04 Fingers of right or left hand – Ring or Little Finger 35 Whole 07 36 Two phalanges 06 37 One phalanx 05 38 Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 02 Toes of right or left foot 39 Great toe: Through metatarso-phalangeal joint 14 40 Great toe: Part, with some loss of bone 03 41 Any other toe: Through metatarso-phalangeal joint 03 42 Any other toe: Part, with some loss of bone 01 Toes of one foot excluding the great toe 43 Two toes through metatarso-phalangeal joint 05 44 Part of two toes, with some loss of bone 02 45 Three toes Through metatarso-phalangeal joint 06 46 Part of three toes, with some loss of bone 03 47 Four toes Through metatarso-phalangeal joint 09 48 Part of four toes, with some loss of bone 03
Table 2: Schedule IV of the act describing Multiplication Factors for working out lump sum equivalentof compensation amount in case of permanent disablement and death.
Age in
Completed
Years Multiplication
factor Age in
Completed
Years Multiplication
factor 16 228.54 41 181.37 17 227.49 42 178.49 18 226.38 43 175.54 19 225.22 44 172.52 20 224.00 45 169.44 21 222.71 46 166.29 22 221.37 47 163.07 23 219.95 48 159.80 24 218.47 49 156.47 25 216.91 50 153.09 26 215.28 51 149.67 27 213.57 52 146.20 28 211.79 53 142.68 29 209.92 54 139.13 30 207.98 55 135.56 31 205.95 56 131.95 32 203.85 57 128.33 33 201.66 58 124.70 34 199.40 59 121.05 35 197.06 60 117.41 36 294.64 61 113.77 37 294.64 62 110.14 38 189.56 63 106.52 39 186.90 64 102.93 40 184.17 65 or more 99.37
Address for correspondence: Dr. C Behera
Dept of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Print-ISSN: 0973-9122; Electronic-ISSN: 0972 9130;
(1)Binod Kumar Patro, (2)Chittaranjan Behera, (3)Ramesh K. Sharma
(1)Public Health Specialist, Community Medicine, (2)Pool Officer, Forensic Medicine, (3) AdditionalProfessor, Forensic Medicine, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
ABSTRACT:
The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 providesfor payment of compensation to workmenand their dependants in case of injury and accident(including certain occupational disease) arisingout of and in the course of employment andresulting in disablement or death. The act whichis in place from 1923 is the oldest of its kind. Weare putting some of the salient features of actwhich are of interest to medical personnel for effectiveimplementation.
KEY WORDS: Workmen’s Compensation; Social Security and India
INTRODUCTION:
A developed India, by 2020 or even earlier is nota dream. It need not even be a mere aspiration inthe minds of many Indians. It is a mission we canall take up-and accomplish. Ignited young minds,we feel, are a powerful resource. This resource ismightier than any resource on the earth, in thesky and under the sea1. We must all work togetherto transform our ‘developing India’ into a ‘developedIndia’, and the revolution required for thiseffort must start in our minds.
The whole concept of transformation of developingIndia to developed India is based on capitalizingon huge human resource of India. Theframework for vision 2020 can be seen as; Humanresources – Massive workforce – Industrialgrowth – Economic growth – Developed India.
According to Census of India 20012 report thework participation rate (percentage of workers tototal population) is 39.1% with total number ofworkers being 402,234,724. Males outnumber female in the working population. There are127,220,248 numbers of female workers in comparisonto 257,014,476 male workers. Within thisworkforce there are 89,229,741 marginal workers(who had worked for less than 6 months in thepreceding year are termed as marginal workers),rest 313,004,983 are main workers (who hadworked for more than 6 months in the precedingyear are termed as main workers).
Workers are exposed to certain degree of injuries,physical illness and mental conditions togethertermed as occupational diseases. The profile ofoccupational diseases also has changed over theperiod of time as a result of modernization, marketliberalization and globalization which now encompassesminor allergy and injuries, systemic infectionsand diseases to life threatening leukemiaand cancers3. For industrial growth in turn economicgrowth health of the workers is utmostimportant. Best practices of Occupational healthand safety can yield better and safe working environment.
However, apart from medical measuresengineering measures and legislative measure areimportant in promoting health at workplace.Simple engineering measure like design of thebuilding, good housekeeping, general ventilation,mechanization, protective devices add value tothe working environment. Society has an obligationto protect the health of the worker engagedin diverse conditions. Republic of India is committedtowards health of the workers by havingsuitable statutory or legislative measures. To protectworkers health and provide social securityseveral legislative measure are in place. The mostnotable among them are4, The Workmen’s CompensationAct, 1923; The Factories Act, 1948; TheEmployees State Insurance (ESI) Act, 1948;TheMinimum Wages Act, 1948; the mines Act, 1952;The Contract Labour (Abolition & Regulation)Act, 1970; The Dangerous (Regulation) Act, 1983;etc. The oldest legislative measure in place is “TheWorkmen’s Compensation Act, 1923”. Lowawareness among the client and refusal by managementis responsible its under-utilization5,6.
The salient points about The Workmen’s CompensationAct are as follows;
WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION ACT, 19237;
The Workmen’s Compensation Act is the onlylegislative measure providing social security toworkers from pre-independence days (1923). Thislegislative measure was enacted in 5th March 1923and came in to effect in whole of India on Firstday of July 1924. The act got amended twice sincethen, 1984 and 2000. The present version in placeis The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923(Amended in 2000). The act is spelt out in fourchapters and supplemented with four schedules.Low
BENEFICIARIES:
“Workman” means any person (other than a personwhose employment is of a casual nature andwho is employed otherwise than for the purposesof the employer’s trade or business). The Act appliesto railway servants and persons employedin any such capacity as is specified in Schedule IIof the Act. The schedule II includes persons employedin factories, mines, plantations, mechanicallypropelled vehicles, construction works andcertain other hazardous occupations.“Total disablement” means such disablement,whether of a temporary or permanent nature,as incapacitates a workman for all work whichhe was capable of performing at the time ofthe accident resulting in such disablement.“Partial disablement” means, where the disablementis of a temporary nature, such disablementas reduces the earning capacity of a workmanin any employment in which he was engagedat the time of the accident resulting in the disablement,and, where the disablement is of apermanent nature, such disablement as reduceshis earning capacity in every employmentwhich he was capable of undertaking at thattime.
Compensation is provided to the employer as perthe act, however in case of death the dependantsare eligible for the same; who are defined as
- A widow, a minor legitimate son, andunmarried legitimate daughter, or a widowedmother; and
- if wholly dependent on the earnings of theworkman at the time of his death, a son or adaughter who has attained the age of 18 yearsand who is infirm;
- If wholly or in part dependent on theearnings of the workman at the time of hisdeath,
- A widower.
- A parent other than a widowed mother,
- A minor illegitimate son, an unmarriedillegitimate daughter or a daughterlegitimate or illegitimate if married andlegitimate or illegitimate if married and aminor or if widowed and a minor,
- A minor brother or a unmarried sister ora widowed sister if a minor,
- A widowed daughter-in-law,
- A minor child of a pre-deceased son,
- A minor child of a pre-deceased daughterwhere no parent of the child is alive,or
- A paternal grandparent if no parent ofthe workman is alive
WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION:
Employer shall be liable to pay compensation, ifpersonal injury is caused to a workman by accidentarising out of and in the course of his employment.However the employer is not responsiblefor in the following conditions;
1) In respect of any injury which does not resultin the total or partial disablement of theworkman for a period exceeding 3 days;
2) In respect of any injury, not resulting in death,caused by an accident which is directlyattributable to:
- The workman having been at the timethereof under the influence of drink ordrugs, or
- The willful disobedience of the workmanto an order expressly given, or to a ruleexpressly framed, for the purpose of securingthe safety of workmen, or
- The willful removal or disregard by theworkman of any safety guard or otherdevice which he knew to have been provided for the purpose of securing thesafety of workmen.
- Contract of an occupational disease in anyemployment wherein the total duration ofemployment is less than 6 months.
AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION:
Amount of compensation is spelt out in the act asper the nature of injury and a multiplication factor.
- In case of death: An amount equal to Fortypercent (40%) of the monthly wage of thedeceased workman, multiplied by therelevant factor or Rs. 20,000 whichever ismore.
- In case of total permanent disablement: Anamount equal to fifty percent (50%) of themonthly wage, multiplied by the relevantfactor or Rs. 24,000 whichever is higher.
- In case of partial permanent disablement: thecompensation is a percentage of that payablein case of total permanent disablement. Theearning capacity is determined by a registeredmedical practitioner.
- In case of temporary (total or partial)disablement; A sum equivalent to twenty-fivepercent (25%) of the monthly wage paid halfmonthly for the period of disablement or 5years, whichever is shorter.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK:
The state government appoints Commissionersvested with the powers of a civil court to investigateand to solve every case of workmen’s compensation.
In case of any delay in payment ofworkmen’s compensation for a period of onemonth after the due date, a simple interest at therate of 6% per annum can be recovered from theemployer. Any appeal against the orders of theappointed Commissioner can be made in the respectiveHigh Court within 60 days.
CONCLUSION:
Safety and preventive measures must be givenutmost priority at work place. Skilled medicalpersonnel trained in occupational health andsafety should be in place to cater to the day today health needs and minor injuries arising atwork place. Workmen’s compensation act is oneamongst many social security measures which arein place. Awareness among the client and medicalpersonnel is crucial for its effectiveimplementation.(Endnotes)
REFERENCES
- Kalam APJ Abdul, Rajan Y.S, India 2020 A Vision of the NewMillennium; Penguin Books, 2003, India,
- Population Profiles; Census of India; Office of the RegistrarGeneral, 2 A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi 2004.
- Jaiswal A, Patro BK, Pandav CS. Occupational health andsafety: Role of academic institutions. Indian J Occup EnvironMed 2006;10:97-101
- J Kishore, National Health Programmes of India;2005; CenturyPublications; New Delhi
- V Murlidhar and Vijay Kanhere; Asbestosis in an asbestoscomposite mill at Mumbai: A prevalence study; EnvironHealth. 2005; 4: 24
- Murlidhar V, Kanhere V; Occupational noise-induced hearingloss: the first two cases compensated in India. Natl Med J India.1998 May-Jun; 11 (3):150.
- Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923, Accessed fromwww.indiacode.nic.in
Table 1: Schedule 1 of the act depicting permanent total and partial disablement:
| Sl No | Description of Injury | % of loss of earning capacity |
|---|---|---|
| Part I: LIST OF INJURIES DEEMED TO RESULT IN PERMANENT TOTAL DISABLEMENT | ||
| 1 | Loss of both hands or amputation at higher sites | 100 |
| 2 | Loss of a hand and a foot | 100 |
| 3 | Double amputation through leg or thigh, or amputation through leg or thigh on one side and loss of other foot | 100 |
| 4 | Loss of sight to such an extent as to render the claimant unable to perform any work for which eye sight is essential | 100 |
| 5 | Very severe facial disfigurement | 100 |
| 6 | Absolute deafness | 100 |
| Part II: LIST OF INJURIES DEEMED TO RESULT IN PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABLEMENT | ||
| Amputation cases-upper limbs (either arm) | ||
| 1 | Amputation through shoulder joint | 90 |
| 2 | Amputation below shoulder with stump less than 8” from tip of acromion | 80 |
| 3 | Amputation from 8” from tip of acromion to less than 4.5” below tip of olecranon | 70 |
| 4 | Loss of a hand or of the thumb and four fingers of one hand or amputation from 4.5” below tip of olecranon | 60 |
| 5 | Loss of thumb | 30 |
| 6 | Loss of thumb and its metacarpal bone | 40 |
| 7 | Loss of four fingers of one hand | 50 |
| 8 | Loss of three fingers of one hand | 30 |
| 9 | Loss of two fingers of one hand | 20 |
| 10 | Loss of terminal phalanx of thumb | 20 |
| Amputation cases-lower limbs | ||
| 11 | Amputation of both feet resulting in end-bearing stumps | 90 |
| 12 | Amputation through both feet proximal to the metatarso-phalangeal joint | 80 |
| 13 | Loss of all toes of both feet through the metatarso-phalangeal joint | 40 |
| 14 | Loss of all toes of both feet proximal to the proximal inter-phalangeal joint | 30 |
| 15 | Loss of all toes of both feet distal to the proximal inter-phalangeal joint | 20 |
| 16 | Amputation at hip | 90 |
| 17 | Amputation below hip with stump not exceeding 5” in length measured from tip of great trenchanter | 80 |
| 18 | Amputation below hip with stump exceeding 5” in length measured from tip of great trenchanter but not beyond middle thigh | 70 |
| 19 | Amputation below middle thigh to 3.5” below knee | 60 |
| 20 | Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 3.5” but not exceeding 5” | 50 |
| 21 | Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 5” | 40 |
| 22 | Amputation of one foot resulting in end-bearing | 30 |
| 23 | Amputation through one foot proximal to the metatarso-phalangeal joint | 30 |
| 24 | Loss of all toes of one foot through the metatarso-phalangeal joint | 20 |
| Other injuries | ||
| 25 | Loss of one eye, without complications, the other being normal | 40 |
| 26 | Loss of vision of one eye, without complications or disfigurement of eye-ball, the other being normal | 30 |
| Fingers of right or left hand – Index Finger | ||
| 27 | Whole | 14 |
| 28 | Two phalanges | 11 |
| 29 | One phalanx | 09 |
| 30 | Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone | 05 |
| Fingers of right or left hand – Middle Finger | ||
| 31 | Whole | 12 |
| 32 | Two phalanges | 09 |
| 33 | One phalanx | 07 |
| 34 | Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone | 04 |
| Fingers of right or left hand – Ring or Little Finger | ||
| 35 | Whole | 07 |
| 36 | Two phalanges | 06 |
| 37 | One phalanx | 05 |
| 38 | Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone | 02 |
| Toes of right or left foot | ||
| 39 | Great toe: Through metatarso-phalangeal joint | 14 |
| 40 | Great toe: Part, with some loss of bone | 03 |
| 41 | Any other toe: Through metatarso-phalangeal joint | 03 |
| 42 | Any other toe: Part, with some loss of bone | 01 |
| Toes of one foot excluding the great toe | ||
| 43 | Two toes through metatarso-phalangeal joint | 05 |
| 44 | Part of two toes, with some loss of bone | 02 |
| 45 | Three toes Through metatarso-phalangeal joint | 06 |
| 46 | Part of three toes, with some loss of bone | 03 |
| 47 | Four toes Through metatarso-phalangeal joint | 09 |
| 48 | Part of four toes, with some loss of bone | 03 |
Table 2: Schedule IV of the act describing Multiplication Factors for working out lump sum equivalentof compensation amount in case of permanent disablement and death.
| Age in Completed Years | Multiplication factor | Age in Completed Years | Multiplication factor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 228.54 | 41 | 181.37 |
| 17 | 227.49 | 42 | 178.49 |
| 18 | 226.38 | 43 | 175.54 |
| 19 | 225.22 | 44 | 172.52 |
| 20 | 224.00 | 45 | 169.44 |
| 21 | 222.71 | 46 | 166.29 |
| 22 | 221.37 | 47 | 163.07 |
| 23 | 219.95 | 48 | 159.80 |
| 24 | 218.47 | 49 | 156.47 |
| 25 | 216.91 | 50 | 153.09 |
| 26 | 215.28 | 51 | 149.67 |
| 27 | 213.57 | 52 | 146.20 |
| 28 | 211.79 | 53 | 142.68 |
| 29 | 209.92 | 54 | 139.13 |
| 30 | 207.98 | 55 | 135.56 |
| 31 | 205.95 | 56 | 131.95 |
| 32 | 203.85 | 57 | 128.33 |
| 33 | 201.66 | 58 | 124.70 |
| 34 | 199.40 | 59 | 121.05 |
| 35 | 197.06 | 60 | 117.41 |
| 36 | 294.64 | 61 | 113.77 |
| 37 | 294.64 | 62 | 110.14 |
| 38 | 189.56 | 63 | 106.52 |
| 39 | 186.90 | 64 | 102.93 |
| 40 | 184.17 | 65 or more | 99.37 |
Address for correspondence: Dr. C Behera
Dept of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
FAQs
Is Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Scopus? ›
The scientific journal Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology is included in the Scopus database.
Is the American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology peer-reviewed? ›The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (formerly Raven Press) covering research on forensic medicine and forensic pathology. The current editor-in-chief is D. Kimberley Molina. Am.
Is Forensic Science International a peer-reviewed journal? ›Forensic Science International is a peer-reviewed, international journal for the publication of original contributions in the many different scientific disciplines comprising the forensic sciences.
Is forensic medical? ›Forensic medicine is defined as 'the application of medical and paramedical scientific knowledge to certain branches of law, both civil and criminal' (Parikh, 1999).
Which is higher Scopus or WoS? ›Compared to WOS, Scopus has indexed more publication in a Social Science related field and Scopus does have the authoritative body to monitor its content authenticity. Scopus projects broader overview of interdisciplinary scientific data and literature, across all research areas.
Why WoS is better than Scopus? ›Web of Science has a greater depth of scientific citations, while Scopus focuses on more modern sources, because its database was founded later and is “younger”.
What is the most trusted medical journal? ›The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is recognized as the world's leading medical journal and website. Published continuously for over 200 years, NEJM delivers high-quality, peer-reviewed research and interactive clinical content to physicians, educators, researchers, and the global medical community.
What is the most respected scientific journal? ›| Title | H index | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians | 182 |
| 2 | Cell | 814 |
| 3 | MMWR Recommendations and Reports | 148 |
| 4 | New England Journal of Medicine | 1079 |
- Where is it indexed? Is the journal included or indexed in the major bibliographic databases for the field? ...
- What is its publishing history? How long has the journal been available? ...
- Is it peer-reviewed? ...
- What is its impact factor?
Yes, IJSR is Indexed with prestigous Indexing Agency, Index Medicus (World Health Organisation) (Approved by MCI) & Hence IJSR is a valid publication for MCI purpose.
Is IJAR indexed in Pubmed? ›
Our esteemed Journal, International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) is currently indexed in the following: Google Scholar, Pubmed.
What is the best source to find peer-reviewed studies? ›- Library databases such as CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, or Social Sciences Full Text are the best places to locate peer-reviewed articles.
- Most databases provide a limiter or check-off box that allows you to limit your results to peer-reviewed journals.
[Paolo Zacchia--the father of forensic medicine, 400 years after his birth]
Are forensic doctors MBBS? ›Aspirants wishing to opt MD Forensic Medicine must have to complete their bachelor's degree (preferably MBBS or equivalent) with 55% scores. Admissions are mostly done through scores of NEET-PG, AICET, UPSEE and other state level exams.
What is a forensic doctor called? ›About Forensic Pathologist
A forensic pathologist is an expert who has the specialized knowledge to determine the cause of death, injury and wound of a person. They are involved with cases that involve alleged causes of death or injury.
Web of Science is a product. ISI was an organisation that used to produce that product. The Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) was bought by Thomson Reuters in 1992. Web of Science is now produced by Clarivate Analytics, which bought the ISI intellectual property off Thomson in 2016.
Is WoS and SCI are same? ›Web of Science (also called as SCI - Science Citation Index) is an online subscription-based scientific citation indexing service that provides a comprehensive citation search.
Is Google Scholar better than Scopus? ›Non-journal coverage – Google Scholar has more unique types of materials (PDF files, Word docs, technical reports, theses and dissertations, etc.). Web of Science and Scopus both have “some” proceedings and books but they are mainly covering journal articles.
What is difference between WoS and Scopus? ›Scopus is intended to be the largest possible database of research items of sufficient quality. Scopus then differs from WoS in that WoS forsakes quantity for quality, while Scopus attempts to achieve a balance of both. Both Elsevier and Clarivate Analytics offer their databases via subscription.
Which is better SCIE or Scopus? ›SCOPUS focuses on independent journals in the research field of Science, Technology, Medicine, and Social Sciences, however, SCIE indexing focuses on technical and scientific publications including natural and social sciences.
Why are journals removed from Scopus? ›
All these journals are removed due to the “Publication concern”. This means the journals which have been removed from the Indexing may not have adopted the right ethics of publication. These journals may publish low-quality papers which violated their publication terms and conditions.
Are there fake journals? ›But the flipside is that the burgeoning field of open access journals has given rise to fake journals, also known as predatory, deceptive, fraudulent, clone, or pseudo-journals (Beall, Nature 2012). These journals are ones that do not engage in peer review and have minimal or little copy edits.
What is the highest ranked journal? ›| Title | H index | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians | 182 |
| 2 | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology | 452 |
| 3 | Quarterly Journal of Economics | 272 |
| 4 | Cell | 814 |
The fastest submission-to-publication journal! The North American Journal of Medical Sciences (NAJMS) is an international, peer-reviewed general medical journal regularly publishing 12 issues per year.
What are top 5 journals? ›- Nature – Impact Factor: 42.78. ...
- The New England Journal of Medicine – Impact Factor: 74.7. ...
- Science – Impact Factor: 41.84. ...
- IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition – Impact Factor: 45.17. ...
- The Lancet – Impact Factor: 59.1.
| Rank | Publisher | Journals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Springer | 3,763 |
| 2 | Taylor & Francis | 2,912 |
| 3 | Elsevier | 2,674 |
| 4 | Wiley | 1,691 |
| Publication | h5-index | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Nature | 444 |
| 2. | The New England Journal of Medicine | 432 |
| 3. | Science | 401 |
| 4. | IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | 389 |
- original research articles.
- literary works.
- podcasts.
- diaries.
- census and statistics.
In most fields, the impact factor of 10 or greater is considered an excellent score while 3 is flagged as good and the average score is less than 1.
Which medical journal has highest impact factor? ›- New England journal of medicine.
- JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association.
- BMJ. British medical journal.
- Nature reviews disease primers.
- Annals of internal medicine.
- JAMA internal Medicine.
- Journal of travel medicine.
- Lancet digital health.
Is IJSR is UGC approved? ›
Approved by UGC | International Journal of Recent Scientific Research.
Is IJSR a Pubmed journal? ›Benefits of IJSR Publication:
Indexed Journal with Cross Ref, Google Scholar, Index Medicus, Pubmed, Citation Index etc. Publication Acceptable in India and Over 100 Countries. Scientific Peer Reviewed Process.
Scopus. Scopus is the world's largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed research literature. It was introduced by Elsevier in 2004 and contains over 20,500 titles from more than 5,000 international publishers. In total, Scopus has indexed 3,500 scientific journals.
Is IJAR journal UGC approved? ›Yes, IJAR is Indexed with prestigous Indexing Agency, Index Medicus (World Health Organisation) (Approved by MCI) & Hence IJAR is a valid publication for MCI purpose.
Is IJAR Scopus indexed? ›International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) is an open access, Peer-reviewed, CrossRef Indexed International Journal, that provides rapid publication (monthly) of Research Articles, Case Reports, Review Articles, Correspondences and short communications in all subjects.
Is IJAR a predatory journal? ›Answer: I looked up The International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) and it does not seem to be a reputable journal. The Thomson Reuters ID mentioned on the journal website is a researcher ID under the name of a person, Morse Florse, not a journal ID.
How can I get papers for free? ›- Sci-Hub. Ad. ...
- Z-Library. ...
- Library Genesis. ...
- Unpaywall. ...
- GetTheResearch.org. ...
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) ...
- Researcher. ...
- Science Open.
Google Scholar can be the best place to start when looking for an article, as it automatically provides links to many Open Access articles, institutional and subject repositories, preprint servers and academic social networks, as you can see in the example on this page.
Can Google Scholar find peer-reviewed articles? ›With Google Scholar, you can search by scholar preferences, easily navigate to related articles, and see how many times an article has been cited. Use search criteria to locate peer-reviewed articles.
Who is father of fingerprint? ›Sgt. H. M. Smith, of the Bureau of Identification, Tacoma, Washington, then offered an amendment that the fingerprint be one of Sir Francis Galton's (often referred to as the "Father of Fingerprints").
Who is the mother of forensics? ›
His first book of popular nonfiction is 18 Tiny Deaths: The Untold Story of Frances Glessner Lee and the Invention of Modern Forensics. Music for this episode was provided by Esther Abrami, Kevin MacLeod, Brian Bolger, Amanda Setlik Wilson, and the MIT Symphony Orchestra. Want to help us “make history”?
Who was the first forensic? ›Archimedes was probably the first forensic scientist. One legend says that a King had ordered a special gold crown from a local goldsmith but suspected that it might not be pure gold. He asked Archimedes to determine if he had been cheated, but he did not want the crown to be damaged by any tests.
Is forensic MD or MS? ›There are various medical colleges across India that offer courses for pursuing an MD ( Forensic Medicine). As per National Medical Commission (NMC) website, the following medical colleges are offering MD ( Forensic Medicine) courses for the academic year 2022-23.
What is the salary of forensic doctor in India? ›Forensic Professional salary in India ranges between ₹ 4.2 Lakhs to ₹ 5.4 Lakhs with an average annual salary of ₹ 4.2 Lakhs.
Can I become a forensic doctor without NEET? ›If you are wondering if Forensic Science courses require NEET, the answer is no. You can pursue BSc and MSc Forensic Science courses without appearing for the NEET exam.
What are the 7 steps of an autopsy? ›- External examination. A pathologist starts an autopsy from the outside of the body and works inwards. ...
- X-rays. ...
- Internal examination. ...
- Testing of body fluids. ...
- Brain examination. ...
- Final procedures. ...
- Autopsy report and medical diagnosis.
The Ph. D. in Forensic Science program is only the second such program in the United States and has a much wider scope than that of the M.S. program.
Do Forensic scientists need a PhD? ›You will likely need a master's degree in forensic science or a related field to reach your full potential as a crime scene investigator or laboratory technician. If you want to lead investigative efforts or pioneer new techniques, you should consider earning a PhD.
Which Indian journals are Scopus Indexed? ›- Indian Journal of Pediatrics Indian Journal of Pediatrics.
- Indian Journal of Petroleum Geology Indian Petroleum Publishers.
- Research Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India.
- Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wolters Kluwer Health.
- Indian Journal of Pharmacology Wolters Kluwer Health.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) is an open access, Peer-reviewed, CrossRef Indexed International Journal, that provides rapid publication (monthly) of Research Articles, Case Reports, Review Articles, Correspondences and short communications in all subjects.
Is IJSR Scopus Indexed? ›
Yes, IJSR is Indexed with prestigous Indexing Agency, Index Medicus (World Health Organisation) (Approved by MCI) & Hence IJSR is a valid publication for MCI purpose.
Is Ijfmr Scopus Indexed? ›International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) is a widely indexed, open access peer reviewed multidisciplinary international scholarly bi-monthly journal.
Which is better Scopus or Google Scholar? ›Non-journal coverage – Google Scholar has more unique types of materials (PDF files, Word docs, technical reports, theses and dissertations, etc.). Web of Science and Scopus both have “some” proceedings and books but they are mainly covering journal articles.
How do I know if my journal is ISI or Scopus? ›To check if your manuscript is indexed in the ISI Web of Science, you can log on to the following url http://mjl.clarivate.com/. Once you log in you can simply search by the full journal name or the ISSN number. The search result will show if your target journal is indexed in SCI, SCI-E, or ESCI.
What is highest percentile in Scopus indexed journals? ›A serial that has a CiteScore Percentile of 96% is ranked according to CiteScore as high or higher than 96% of titles in that category. A title will receive a CiteScore Percentile for each subject area in which it's indexed in Scopus.
Which is better SCI or Scopus? ›You may conclude that Scopus is more in quantity and SCI is more in quality. Therefore, if you are confident about the potential of your journal paper, you may consider SCI journals over Scopus.
Which Scopus journal is easiest to publish? ›- Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (TJPR) – Q4 Ranking.
- ECS Transactions (IOP Series)
- IEEE Xplore (Conference series)
- Experimental Oncology – Q4 Ranking.
- Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences (JEBAS) – Q4 Ranking.
Research papers are published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. The indexing services of Scopus helps researchers to find publications that are relevant to their research interests, and enables them to identify publications that have been cited or have been cited by others.
Is IJFMR UGC approved? ›However, as IJFMR is a peer reviewed journal, it is valid according to UGC's guidelines and recommendation.
Is it difficult to publish in Scopus indexed journals? ›That said, publishing in high-impact, SCOPUS indexed journals is not always an easy task. Perseverance is the key. Researchers shouldn't be put off by reviewers' opinions of their work.
What is a good Scopus impact factor? ›
In most fields, the impact factor of 10 or greater is considered an excellent score while 3 is flagged as good and the average score is less than 1.